|
The Declaration of Indulgence or Declaration for Liberty of Conscience was a pair of proclamations made by James II of England and VII of Scotland in 1687. The Indulgence was first issued for Scotland on 12 February and then for England on April 4, 1687.〔Harris, Tim. ''Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarch, 1685–1720'', Allen Lane (2006) p. 211〕 It was a first step at establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles. The Declaration granted broad religious freedom in England by suspending penal laws enforcing conformity to the Church of England and allowing persons to worship in their homes or chapels as they saw fit, and it ended the requirement of affirming religious oaths before gaining employment in government office. By use of the royal suspending power, the king lifted the religious penal laws and granted toleration to the various Christian denominations, Catholic and Protestant, within his kingdoms. The Declaration of Indulgence was supported by William Penn, who was widely perceived to be its instigator.〔Lodge, Richard. ''The History of England - From the Restoration to the Death of William III 1660–1702'' (1910) p. 268〕 The declaration was greatly opposed by Anglicans in England on both religious and constitutional grounds. Some Anglicans objected to the fact that the Declaration had no specified limits and thus, at least in theory, licensed the practice of any religion, including Islam, Judaism, or paganism.〔Sowerby, Scott. ''Making Toleration: The Repealers and the Glorious Revolution''. Harvard University Press (2013) p. 171〕 Many also objected to the fact that the king, by issuing the Declaration, had implicitly claimed a power to suspend laws passed by Parliament. ==1687== In Scotland the Indulgence stated that subjects were to obey the King's "sovereign authority, prerogative royal, and absolute power" "without reserve". The Presbyterians initially refused to accept the Indulgence. The King re-issued it on 28 June giving the Presbyterians the same liberties as Roman Catholics; this was accepted by most of the Presbyterians with the notable exception of the extremist Covenanters.〔Harris, Tim. ''Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarch, 1685–1720'', Allen Lane (2006) p. 173〕 The Indulgence, as well as granting religious liberties to his subjects, also reaffirmed the King as absolute.〔Armitage, David. ''British political thought in history, literature and theory, 1500–1800'', Cambridge University Press (2006) pp. 95–96〕 The English version was welcomed by most non-conformists but as in Scotland the Presbyterians were more reluctant to wholeheartedly accept it. There was concern that the toleration rested only on the King's arbitrary will.〔Harris, Tim. ''Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarch, 1685–1720'', Allen Lane (2006) p. 217〕 The Anglican Church was greatly disturbed by it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Declaration of Indulgence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|